发 音 练 习

 

 

□ 字 母

 

母音 (8) A A I I U U E O

 

子音 (33)                           K      Kh     G       Gh     V

                                                    C       Ch     J        Jh      B

                                                    T      Th     D     Dh     N

                                                    T       Th      D       Dh     N

                                                    P       Ph      B       Bh     M

Y R L V S H L M

 

子音搭配母音

 

                                 Ka      Ka    Ki       Ki     Ku     Ku    Ke      Ko

                                 Kha    Kha   Khi      Khi    Khu   Khu   Khe     Kho

                                 Ga      Ga     Gi       Gi     Gu     Gu     Ge      Go

                                 Gha    Gha   Ghi     Ghi    Ghu   Ghu   Ghe    Gho

                                 Va      Va     Vi       Vi      Vu      Vu     Ve      Vo

---------------------

                                 Ca      Ca     Ci       Ci     Cu     Cu     Ce      Co

                                 Cha    Cha   Chi     Chi    Chu   Chu   Che    Cho

                                 Ja       Ja      Ji        Ji      Ju      Ju      Je       Jo

                                 Jha      Jha    Jhi      Jhi     Jhu    Jhu    Jhe      Jho

                          Ba      Ba    Bi       Bi     Bu     Bu    Be      Bo

---------------------

(其馀类似)

 

□ 唱 诵

 

Buddham saranam gacchami        我归依佛

Dhammam saranam gacchami      我归依法

Savgham saranam gacchami         我归依僧

 

Komala-ramma yam pali-bhasa                 柔软、优美的巴利语

Bhagava dhammam desita-vaca                 是世尊说法的语言

Piti-mudaram denti jananam  它为人们带来欢悦、喜乐

Passatha etam sundara-bhasa 看哪诸位这美丽的语言

 

□ 单 词

 

a                 aggi                   

                        attha                     义、利

                        atta                       自我 (attan)

                        anicca                   无常的

                        abhidhamma         阿毘达磨、论

 

a                 Ananda              阿难

                        acariya                 阿闍梨、师

                        agama                  阿含、传承、圣教

                        arama                   园林

                        abhijanati              证知

                        abhijjha             贪欲

 

i                iti                          如是

                        isi                         仙人、圣者

                        iddhi                     神足、神变

                        indriya                  根、感觉官能

 

i                  iti                       恼、疾

                        isa                        主人

                        tira                      

                        devi                 天女、皇后

 

u                 uttara                  更上、北

                        uddana                 嗢陀南、摄颂

                        uddhacca              掉举

                        uddhumata            膨胀的

 

u                 una                     不足、少、减

                        kuta                      屋顶、楼阁、山顶

                        dura                     远的

                        dhuma                 

                        mula                     根、根本

 

e                 eka                    

                        eti                        

                        upeti                     近、趣

                        thera                     长者、上座

                        beluva                   木瓜

                        pubbe                  

o                 oloketi                眺望

                        orima                    此岸

                        nirodha                

                        loka                      世间

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

k               kamma                          

                        kaka                              乌鸦

                        kiccha                      困难的

                        kukkucca                       恶作、悔

                        kesa                               毛髮

                        Kosala                           憍萨罗

 

kh               khanti                          

                        khina                             尽、灭

                        khuddaka-nikaya  小部

                        khema                            安稳 = 涅槃

                        khoma                           

 

g               Gavga                      恆河

                        gilana                             病人

                        guna                               功德

                        geyya                             祇夜、应颂

                        Gotama                          乔达摩

 

gh               ghana                          

                        ghuru-ghuru                    打鼾声

                        Buddha-ghosa                佛音

 

v               savgha                           僧伽

                        savkhara                        行、为作

                        avguttara-nikaya            增支部

                        pivgiya                           赤褐色的、黄色的

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

c               cakkhu                

                        citta                     

                        culla-vamsa          小史

                        cetasika                心所

                        cora                     

 

ch               chanda                志欲

                        chadeti                

                        chijjati                   切、断

                        chupati                 

                        chedeti                  令断

 

j                janati                   

                        jivha                

                        jiva                      

                        juti                        光、光辉

                        jetavana                衹陀林

                        jotati                     发光

 

jh                jhana                  禅思

                        jhiyayati                禅思 ( = jhayati)

 

b               bana                     智慧

                        vedabbu            通达吠陀者

                        beyya                   所知

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

t                ghata                    水瓶

                        tika                  複注

                        kotumbara            一种布

                        kotteti                   打、捣

                        khatopika         

 

th                thana                  处、情况

                        thita                      住立

                        dutthulla                粗恶的

                        guntheti                 覆、蔽

 

d               damsa                 

                        chaddita                捨、除

                        kandu                   疥癣

                        deti                      

                        kandolika         

 

dh               addha                

                        vaddhita                增长

 

n               guna                     功德

                        unni                 毛衣

                        anu                       微少的

                        eneyya                  羚羊

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

t                tanha                渴爱

                        titthati                  

                        Tusita                   兜率天

                        tejo                      

                        tosana                   满足、喜悦

                        tvam                

 

th                thaneti                 雷鸣

                        thina                     惛沉

                        thupa                   

                        thera                     长者、上座

                        thometi                 讚赏

 

d               dadati                   施与

                        danda                   杖、棒

                        ditthi                     见解

                        digha                    长的

                        dukkha                

                        deva                     天、王

                        domanassa            忧恼

                        dvara                   

 

dh               dhamma             

                        dhiti                      坚实

                        dhuta                    头陀

                        dhenu                   牡牛

                        dhovati                 洗淨

 

n               nagara                  城市

                        Nigantha               尼乾陀、离繫

                        nudati                   排除

                        nekkhamma          出离

                        nonita                   熟酥

                        nhana                   沐浴 ( = nahana)

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

p               paccaya               

                        pinda                    团食

                        puggala                

                        pesuna                  离间语

                        potthaka               书、经卷

 

ph               phala                 

                        phita                     繁荣的

                        phusati                 

                        pheggu                  树皮

                        phoseti                  撒、注

 

b               bandhati                结、缚

                        Bimbisara             频毘娑罗、摩揭陀王

                        buddha                 佛陀

                        beluva                   木瓜

                        bodhi                    菩提

                        byapajjha             瞋心、害心

                        brahma             梵天

 

bh               bhagavant           薄伽梵、世尊

                        bhikkhu                比丘

                        bhubjati                食、受用

                        bheda                   破坏

                        bhojana                食物

 

m              magga                  

                        mara                     恶魔

                        miga                     鹿、兽

                        mubcati                 解脱

                        metta               

                        Moggallana           目犍连

                        jambu-dipa           阎浮提

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

y                 yabba                 祭祀、献供

                        yittha                    供祭 pp.

                        Yuddha                战争

                        yebhuyya             

                        yoga                     瑜伽、修行

                        vuyhati                  被运走

 

r                  raja                    国王 (rajan)

                        ribcati                   捨、除

                        rukkha                  树木

                        rupa                    

                        renu                      花粉

                        ropeti                    种植

 

l                  labhati                

                        likhati                    写、刻

                        lujjati                    破坏

                        lekha                    书、刻文

                        loka                      世间

 

v                 vajira                  金刚石

                        vijja                 明、智

                        vuccati                  被说

                        vedana              觉受

                        voloketi                观察

                        vyakaroti              记答

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

s                 sakkaya              萨迦耶、己身

                        sila                      

                        sukha                   

                        senasana               卧坐所

                        sotapanna             须陀洹、预流者

                        svagata                 善来、欢迎

 

h                 hadaya                心、心脏

                        hita                       利益

                        huram               他世

                        hetu                      原因

                        homa                    护摩、献供

                        brahmana             婆罗门

 

l                  kilati                   游戏

                        nalikera                          椰子

                        pileti                              压迫、恼害

                        dalha                              坚固的

 

m                samyutta-nikaya           相应部

                        simsapa                    申恕(树名)

                        khumseti                        怒叱

                        tam                          那个

                        kim                          什麽

 

 

 

□ 句 子

 

 

(1) 皈敬偈 (总礼文)

 

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammasambuddhassa

(归敬 世尊 阿罗汉 正遍觉者 )

 

 

(2) 三归依文

 

Buddham saranam gacchami        我归依佛

Dhammam saranam gacchami       我归依法

Savgham saranam gacchami         我归依僧

 

 

(3) 超世偈 (Dhammapada 354)

 

Sabbadanam dhammadanam jinati               众施经施胜

Sabbam rasam dhammaraso jinati                众味道味胜

Sabbam ratim dhammarati jinati    众乐法乐胜

Tanhakkhayo sabbadukkham jinati              爱尽胜众苦

 

 

(4) 通诫偈 (Dhammapada 183)

 

Sabbapapassa akaranam      诸恶莫作

Kusalassa upasampada        众善奉行

Sacittapariyodapanam          自淨其意

Etam buddhana sasanam      是诸佛教

(5) 缘起法颂 (Vinaya-pitaka,Mahavagga,I.p.40.L26-29)

 

Atha kho ayasma Assaji              尔时,具寿阿说示

Sariputtassa paribbajakassa         为梵志舍利弗

imam dhammapariyayam abhasi : 说此法门:「

‘ Ye dhamma hetuppabhava 诸法从缘起

tesam hetum tathagato aha   如来说此因

tesab ca yo nirodho             彼法因缘尽

evamvadi mahasamano’ ti    是大沙门说。」

 

 

(6) 三相 (tini lakkhanani)

 

(a) Aniccalakkhana (Dhammapada 277)

Sabbe savkhara anicca ti     「一切行无常」,

yada pabbaya passati          以慧观照时,

atha nibbindati dukkhe         得厌离于苦。

Esa maggo visuddhiya          此乃清淨道。

 

(b) Dukkhalakkhana (Dhammapada 278)

Sabbe savkhara dukkha ti    「一切行是苦」,

yada pabbaya passati          以慧观照时,

atha nibbindati dukkhe         得厌离于苦。

Esa maggo visuddhiya          此乃清淨道。

 

(c) Anattalakkhana (Dhammapada 279)

Sabbe dhamma anatta ti       「一切法无我」,

yada pabbaya passati          以慧观照时,

atha nibbindati dukkhe         得厌离于苦。

Esa maggo visuddhiya          此乃清淨道。

 

 

(7) 无常偈 (Mahaparinibbanasuttanta,D.II.p.157.L6-9)

 

Parinibbute Bhagavati saha parinibbana        世尊入于涅槃时,

Sakko devanam indo           众神之主释提桓因

imam gatham abhasi :          说此偈曰:「

'Anicca vata savkhara,        诸行无常,

uppada-vaya-dhammino,      是生灭法;

Uppajjitva nirujjhanti,          生灭灭已,

tesam vupasamo sukho' ti.    寂灭为乐。」

 

 

(8) 五戒文 (Pabca sikkhapadani)

 

Panatipata

veramani-sikkhapadam samadiyami 我受持不杀生戒

Adinnadana

veramani-sikkhapadam samadiyami             我受持不偷盗戒

Kamesu micchacara

veramani-sikkhapadam samadiyami             我受持不邪婬戒

Musavada

veramani-sikkhapadam samadiyami             我受持不妄语戒

Sura-meraya-majja-pamadatthana

veramani-sikkhapadam samadiyami             我受持不饮酒戒

 

 

(9) 慈心解脱 (metta cetovimutti)

 

Sabbe satta 一切众生

Avera hontu                       愿他们都没有仇怨之心

Abyapajjha hontu                愿他们都不互相侵犯恼害

Anigha hontu                      愿他们都没有身心的苦恼

Sukhi attanam pariharantu    愿他们都善于守护自己,(远离

一切灾难痛苦,) 具足安乐。

 

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